AUTHORIZATION FOR ENROLLMENT REFERENDUM RESOLUTION NO. 212-09
Upon a motion by Treasurer Seki second by Secretary Beaulieu the following was enacted:
WHEREAS, the Red Lake Tribal Council is the duly elected governing body of the Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians; and
WHEREAS, it is the sovereign right of tribes to determine their membership; and
WHEREAS, the blood quantum system, set up by the federal government, has had the effect of diminishing the nations blood over time; and
WHEREAS, many tribes are struggling with an effective method to enroll the youth, many of whom are falling just short of current eligibility amount; and
WHEREAS, the importance and significant impact of the issue needs to be put to the nation’s membership through a referendum vote; and
WHEREAS, it is decided that public meetings will take place in the coming months in each district and at our urban locations; and
WHEREAS, from the meetings, a referendum will be developed and included on the May 2010 Election Ballot; now
THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, the Red Lake Tribal Council hereby approves the public meetings to provide information, seek input and ideas for the development of an enrollment referendum for the May 2010 Election Ballot to determine future membership with the Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians
FOR: 10 AGAINST: 0
We do hereby certify that the foregoing resolution was duly presented and enacted upon at the Regular Meeting of the Tribal Council held on December 8, 2009, with a quorum present, at the Red Lake Nation Headquarters, Red Lake.
As you know in order to be enrolled with the Red Lake Band you must posses ¼ degree of Red Lake blood. This issue created by the United Stated government to eventually eliminate us is at a point of serious consideration as more and more of our children do not meet the eligibility requirements.
The issue will be put forth for you to vote on May 19, 2010. We encourage your attendance at the community meetings so you can participate now in preparation for the vote.
The enrollment referendum will be designed and driven by your input at the community meetings or comments mailed in. Your input, views, opinions and ideas are not only appreciated but welcomed! We value your input!
At the community meetings you will get a brief overview of the history of enrollment as it pertains to all Indians, how it came to be and more specifically enrollment as it pertains to Red Lake.
You will also receive a form requesting you to rank order some of the variables in regards to enrollment: No change to enrollment; Going down from ¼ to 1/8 blood quantum; Declaring every member on the 1958 base roll to be a full blood; Include all Anishinaabe/ Ojibwe/ Chippewa blood as part of the quantum; Including all other Indian blood as part of the quantum; Never decrease the mothers/fathers blood or by being a descendant of a duly enrolled member.
Another idea proposed is to start an Associated Members List. This would be a list of all those children who are less than ¼. By having this list we will know how many children the current enrollment requirements negatively affects (meaning less than a ¼ ). This list could also be used in child welfare cases. Having the children on this list would enable the band to have input in regards to their welfare.
In regards to the declining blood quantum a study completed by the Red Lake Nation College in 2007 predicted that are very few children will be eligible for enrollment in twenty years. We currently have an enrollment of 10,062 of which 53% are less than one-half and 47% are equal to or greater than one-half.
Aside from blood quantum is the legacy that we have inherited. How are we passing on our language, our traditions and our customs? As a member we must take on the responsibility of preserving what we inherited. Preserving our land, our resources, and those things we deem important to the survival of our nation.
The Tribal Secretary and staff have already met in the Ponemah and Redby districts. Watch for the postings for the meetings in Red Lake and Little Rock districts. We will also be meeting in Minneapolis and Duluth. The meetings are being arranged through the community coordinators and the directors at the urban offices. Call them for an update. Also, if you missed the meeting in your district, feel free to attend one of the others. You may also submit written comments or responses to the following address:
Tribal Secretary Attn: Enrollment Ideas P.O. Box 550 Red Lake, MN 56671
This is a complex issue. As we come together to discuss it let us have clarity of mind and spirit both individually and collectively so that we will make the best decision for the sake of our nation.
BLOOD QUANTUM TOO MUCH NEVER, NOT ENOUGH ALL TOO OFTEN
At the December 8, 2209 Tribal Council meeting, Resolution 212-09 was passed. The council gave the approval of an enrollment referendum to be included on the May 19, 2010 election. The resolution also states that public meetings will be held to seek input and ideas for the development of the referendum.
Therefore, public meetings will be held in each of the four reservation districts and also in Minneapolis and Duluth to engage members in a discussion about the blood quantum issue. The tribal secretary’s office will be working with the community coordinators and staff at the urban centers to confirm dates and times.
The first meeting will be held in Ponemah on January 28, 2010 at 6:00 p.m. The following article will generate some discussion and point out some things to consider.
“Already, a new generation is finding it is not “Indian” enough to enroll. Though its members may live on the reservation, participate in tribal ceremonies and even study their ancestral language, they are not eligible for a range of federal and tribal benefits, from subsidized health care and tribal voting rights to job preference and the right to gather eagle feathers. And on a more tangible note, many feel they simply do not belong.
As more and more children are born with blood that doesn’t measure up, tribes across the country are taking a look at their enrollment requirements. In the process, deeper questions about culture about identity about the future of tribes are coming to the surface. Underlying them all is one with no easy answer: What exactly does it mean to be Indian?” (Article from Indianz.com 1/13/09 “Blood quantum threatens tribes”)
Blood quantum (B.Q.) came into being by the government to restrict Indian land distribution in the late 1800’s. Only Indians of at least half B.Q. were allowed to receive portions of their lands. Thus more than 100 million acres were taken from tribal ownership and changed title under the General Allotment Act.
As Red Lake members we are truly blessed in that our ancestors did not agree to allotment, hence, we inherited a closed reservation. We did, however, cede millions of acres of land in exchange for health care, education and other benefits. A couple of questions in regards to land and other services are as follows; Will their come a time when our land is not able to accommodate the requests for land use permits? If you have a land use permit are your children and grandchildren going to be enough Red Lake blood to inheirit your land use permit?
What will happen if our numbers doubled or even tripled by lowering the blood quantum? Monies to assist governments, be it, tribal, state or counties are based on population are they not? We have never received just compensation for the land we ceded. There is never enough scholarship money to fund all the requests and we all know the story about our inadequate health care.
Blood quantum has been controversial ever since the federal government has used it effectively for over a century, particularly to deny services to tribes as membership declines. The fractional breakdown of Native blood over generations is mathematical genocide.
We all know that there are full bloods who are not enough from any one tribe to be enrolled.
Some of the variables of blood quantum are: do we want to keep it at a quarter, lower it to an eighth, a sixteenth, a thirty-second, recognize all Ojibwe blood, recognize all Indian blood or enrollment based on being a descendent of someone on the base roll (created in 1958)?
During a period of time after the base roll was created the mothers blood quantum was never decreased. If the mother was a half the child would be half. The current enrollment committee brought it before the council and more recently increasing everyone by one fourth.
This is such a momentous decision it is brought before the general membership for discussion, consideration and a vote, hopefully, by having the public meetings we will increase individual and collective understanding to this very important issue.
One thing for sure is we will need to protect and honor what we have inherited as Red Lake Band members.
Come to the public meetings and engage in the discussion.
Chi Mii-Gwech, Kathryn “Jody” Beaulieu Tribal Secretary
Enrollment Depends On Your Blood Quantum
VOTERS MAY CHOOSE ONLY ONE OPTION
Shall the Revised Constitution and Bylaws of the Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, Article III Membership, Section 1, be amended to read:
OPTION A A descendant of an enrolled member who is on the 1958 base roll shall be eligible for enrollment.
OPTION B All biological children of a duly enrolled member who have less than ¼ Red Lake Blood, may include other Chippewa Blood to meet the ¼ blood quantum requirement, with documentary evidence from a federal recognized tribe are eligible for enrollment.
OPTION C All biological children of a duly enrolled member who have less than ¼ Red Lake Blood, may include all other federally recognized Indian blood to meet the ¼ blood quantum requirement, with documentary evidence from a federal recognized tribe are eligible for enrollment.
OPTION D All biological children of a duly enrolled member who possesses at least 1/8 Red Lake Blood are eligible for enrollment (reducing ¼ blood quantum to 1/8).
OPTION E No Change in Enrollment
To the Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians,
THE ENROLLMENT REFERENDUM WILL BE ON THE BALLOT!
At a Special Meeting of the Red Lake Tribal Council held Tuesday, April 27, 2010, the council approved the referendum to read as follows:
Voters must choose only one.
Shall the Revised Constitution and Bylaws of the Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, Article III Membership, Section 1, be amended to read:
A descendant of an enrolled member who is on the 1958 base roll shall be eligible for enrollment.
All biological children of a duly enrolled member who have less than ¼ Red Lake Blood, may include other Chippewa Blood to meet the ¼ blood quantum requirement, with documentary evidence from a federal recognized tribe are eligible for enrollment.
All biological children of a duly enrolled member who have less than ¼ Red Lake Blood, may include all other federally recognized Indian blood to meet the ¼ blood quantum requirement, with documentary evidence from a federal recognized tribe are eligible for enrollment.
All biological children of a duly enrolled member who possesses at least 1/8 Red Lake Blood are eligible for enrollment (reducing ¼ blood quantum to 1/8).
No Change in Enrollment
Respectfully,
Kathryn Beaulieu Tribal Secretary
TRIBAL MEMBER COMMENTS FROM THE PUBLIC MEETINGS REGARDING ENROLLMENT and SURVEY RESULTS
Red Lake District Comments-25 surveys turned in- 40 attended
Start a 2010 Base Roll and do so every 5years We need to stay away from numbers as much as possible. Money is not worth our heritage. We want to increase our tribal membership. Very Good! It’s about time! Mathematical Genocide Declare all full blood if you decide to keep the quantum. ¼ is just as much as a full blood Do all three: Full Blood, Anishinaabe-Ojibwe blood, Descendancy It’s time to decolonize…and move forward as a nation. We do not need to continue the #s game, the government tried- no need to carry that forward-already failed. No other nationality has to say they are “so much percentage” white, black, latino etc. Do we always have to go with numbers? Why do we have a quantum? 50 years from now we will be in the same situation – if we make everyone a full blood. Are we/ or Why are we doing it now-referring to never reduce the mothers/fathers blood Disregard the Blood Quantum-Altogether we have the inherent right to determine our own membership as Anishinaabe. When all different bands have to compete for grants, this divides people further. Descendancy
Topics and issues:
Split families ( members whose brothers or sisters are enrolled and they are not) Genocide Look at the #s compared to others Individual present has been trying to get enrolled for 46 years Rights of Grand parents and Children when visiting other parents reservation regarding custody issues if the children are not enrolled/enrolled there. Too many years- Do something now Protect the Land Base Elder wants to be cared for when she gets old Everyone full blood Blood quantum for college admissions and funding- need a statement of enrollment Descendancy Language is important Blood Quantum cuts the tribe Enroll the children How many on Associated Members List Decolonizing History/Language
Redby- 16 Attended-mostly elders -15 Surveys
Descendancy is the only way to go for our people to have a future as Indian people. Would like to see it changed Grandfather has 35 grandchildren and only about five are enrolled Grandfather would like to see a change, grandchildren are being raised on another reservation and that is where they are enrolled
Ponemah-11 surveys- about 24 attended
Conditional Enrollment Ojibwe Blood Only Red Lake blood How are other tribes doing it?
Little Rock-16 surveys- about 35-40 people attended
Thank You Make a provision making language be part of membership Immersion classes mandatory I am a native Red Laker and I would like my children to be enrolled Thank You *As a sovereign nation we have the right to change our enrollment criteria and we need to keep our land and culture intact Current policy does need to change I want my grandchildren and great grandchildren to have a place to say they belong as being native with health and education benefits Do away with the blood quantum-We’ve been broken up in pieces too long- fractionation now is an insult! Indian is an Indian no matter what tribe. Being Indian shouldn’t be questioned No on a 2nd or 3rd choice-Descendancy #1 Children not born here as they should be Birthing unit closed down in 1984, we want it back Go by the mothers blood Father lives off reservation would like his sons enrolled so he can bring them up to hunt with him now that they are old enough. Grandfather has a grandson who is 1/64th Descendancy-Family Tree Save reservation forever Keeping reservation closed
1/8 Red Lake- Use every effort –use state of the art technology-search ancestry- more funding to hire experts Stress and promote culture, language, history of Red Lake People If parents and grand parents were raised in Red Lake then you’re a Red Laker. All for one and one for all-descendancy Split family some enrolled some not Want grandchildren enrolled Records are messed up. I lose blood every time I check with enrollment my blood quantum goes down DNA research as a solution and new enrollment system Family Blood Quantum is in need of correction Need correction ½ to full, my brothers and sisters are full I hope this changes for the grandchildren No blood quantum-One happy family What is an associate member It would be good to get something done differently Do not let them take it off the ballot I am seventy-four years old. I will be the last link to Red Lake. I married into another reservation. I am worried about blood quantum being watered down. Lets revisit this in twenty years. Not now. Its too much work with not enough staff. Definitely not descendency. I’ve seen it in other tribes and it was a disaster Time is short, should have done something when it first came up If we stop giving out payments and put money into services for the people it would be a better use. Payments last for a couple days and services can last for years. Membership grew because of payments. Issue is huge. Important to us Red Lakers-Too little time to take in, process and decide. We want what is best. I belong to the reservation. I want myself and children to be enrolled. A member spoke of wanting to be able to inherit their family farm, his generation do not have enough blood quantum to qualify. I hope this changes. Want grandchildren enrolled
Duluth
A young girl talked about her father and that she is 7/16 blood quantum and would like to be enrolled Thank you for having meetings Is considered half and was born in Ponemah An individual said they were 21/32 One said they were 64/100th but 100% Indian One extended family introduced themselves and told how there family was split and that their younger family members do not qualify for enrollment I’m full blood and I’m satisfied Most people wanted to see change so the children can get enrolled.
ENROLLMENT SURVEY DATA
ENROLLMENT
IDEAS
MEETINGS
↓↓↓
SURVEY CHOICES →→→
No Change
¼ to 1/8
Declare
every member on 1958 roll as full blood
Include all Anishinaabe/Ojibwe
/Chippewa
Blood as part of the Quantum
Include all other Indian Blood as part of
the Quantum
Never decrease the mothers/ fathers blood
Going by Descendancy
Begin an Associated Members List
RedLake
February 25th
11
222
3
22222
33
11
2
33
2
333
1111111111
111111111
222
YYYYYYYYY N
Redby
February 18th
11
2
22
33
1
3
22
1111111111
1
22
YYYYYY
Ponemah
January 28th
1111
6
777
3
4
6
7
11
2
5
111
222
5
33
4
6
1
2
4
6
22
3
55
YYYYYY
NN
Little Rock
March 18
22
33
1
2222
333333
2222
33
22
1
2
33
1111111111
111111
3
YYY
Minneapolis
March 26th
3
1
222222
3
11111
222222
3333
1111111111
111111
2222222222
2
333
111111111
2222222222
222
3333333
11111
222222222
3333333333
33333333
1111111111
1111111
2
333
YYYYYYYYYY
YYYYYYYYYY
YYYYYYYYYY
Y
NNN
Duluth
April 2nd
3
1
3333
1
222
33
11
2222
3
1
2222
3333
11
2
1111111111
11
3
4
YYYYY
NN
SURVEY RESULTS FROM
THE PUBLIC ENROLLMENT MEETINGS- Tribal members were asked to rank their
first (1), second(2) and third(3) choices on the
survey. Our first meeting was in Ponemah where we asked to rank in order their
choices 1 through 7. This was confusing and that is why we asked people for
their top three choices. The last column: Associated Members List was suggested
as an interim step without changing anything to track those who do not meet the
¼ Blood Quantum. People were given the choice of Yes(Y) or No (N)